Conference Agenda

Flood exposure in the United States continues to rise, yet household-level evidence on how individuals perceive these risks and choose among available adaptation measures remains limited. To address this gap, we utilize a Basket-Based Choice Experiment (BBCE) approach that captures a broad set of substitution and complementarity patterns across flood adaptation actions, integrating household perceptions and objective risk indicators. We find that most action pairs exhibit positive and statistically significant complementarities: adopting one measure increases the likelihood of adopting others, even after controlling for risk and perception factors. Marginal effects show that these complementarities are large relative to the low baseline adoption rates observed in the sample. Homeowners tend to favor measures they view as effective, feasible, and appropriate to their level of flood risk, with subjective and objective indicators varying in predictive relevance across behaviors. Overall, our results indicate that households commonly adopt adaptation measures as complementary bundles rather than as isolated actions.