La proliferación de contenidos digitales habilita diversos modos de concebir un texto escrito. El presente trabajo reside en la exposición de una plataforma de lectura hipertextual que permite en tiempo real visualizar distintas ediciones y traducciones provenientes de un mismo texto origen. Las ediciones digitales realizadas contienen metadatos y etiquetas compatibles con los lineamientos de la Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), basado en el metalenguaje XML. Así, esta herramienta permite generar comparaciones y análisis de contenidos multi editoriales o multilingües en una misma pantalla de manera personalizada. Dada la visualización flexible de este sistema, es posible exponer intra e intertextualidades que enriquezcan el análisis de escritos académicos y literarios. No obstante, los recursos mencionados conducen a reflexionar sobre la tensión entre lectura, edición y autoría. A su vez, se problematizan los límites y alcances de la edición digital mínima. Resulta de interés indagar la viabilidad de una edición digital híbrida que mantenga las ventajas de la minimal computing e incorpore recursos característicos de los sitios web dinámicos. Por consiguiente, la propuesta implica un recorrido práctico, técnico y teórico que articula los distintos avatares del hipertexto. Considerando que la escritura se asienta en la cultura posmoderna como una multiplicidad, la plataforma y el debate propuestos pretenden enfatizar un destino posible para el hipertexto en el que su lectoescritura no permanezca infinitizada en contenidos fragmentarios, sino bajo una lógica que habilite la lectura crítica, rigurosa y contextualizada.

Despite its interesting and problematic theoretical nature, little attention has been given to the “foreign” element in TEI. An exception is the work of Barbaric and Halonja, who investigated this issue in terms of Croatian. They claim that the "foreign" element should be applied to instances of code switching (Barbaric 2012). Distinguishing between code switching and borrowing is a contentious issue among linguists (Mahootian 2006, p. 512). The subtleties of these distinctions are not represented by the "foreign" element, and solutions, like Schlitz's "borrowing" element, have not been incorporated into the standard (“TEI element foreign (foreign)”, Schlitz 2009).

This investigation proceeds from observations made during the encoding of plays for DraCor's new corpus of Yiddish drama (YiDraCor), and questions raised over the use of the "foreign" element in the context of Yiddish. Yiddish is a mixed language which has usually been spoken in multilingual contexts (Weinreich 1955). It is thus difficult to distinguish between the mixedness present within Yiddish, and borrowings from without.

In the interest of coding, we have adopted a model of "foreign" element use that is primarily morphological, secondarily lexical. If a form evinces productive morphological features, then it should be tagged as "foreign." Failing that, following Stutchkoff and Weinreich, we tag as "foreign" those words and phrases which had entered local Yiddish usage, but had not yet entered Yiddish standards, and which would not likely be understood by those not familiar with their language of origin (Stutchkoff & Weinreich 1951). Generally, we contend that those terms which should be marked as "foreign," are those that evince a certain degree of multilingualism (Grimstad 2017, p. 4). Ultimately, we find that the “foreign” tag is best modeled pragmatically: since there is no inherently foreign component to any language, its use should follow the stated goals of the encoders.

Japan is among regions where one of the most complex writing system as well as practice - which include typography, text structure, document formats, and the combination of them - have been utilized on a daily basis throughout the history. The Japanese manuscript and printing tradition does not only inherit the traditional Chinese typographical conventions, but also adds its own set of expansions, via ad hoc annotations or modifications, that brought forth subsystems visually and structurally distinct as well as diverse, and often incompatible. Imaginably, there are still a number of those idiomatic concepts do not transfer well into TEI, due to the limitation either in its vocabulary or in the environment surrounding it. We give a brief overview of the current progress and challenges in transcribing premodern Japanese textual elements fully digitally, mostly learned during our TEI encoding project of a large-scale text corpus of a Buddhist canon. As concrete examples, we will address the following topics: portability of characters uncoded and coded in legacy character sets, especially on the limitation of the current gaiji module; support of universal structures found in East Asian documents by guidelines, such as "interlinear annotations" (rubi, bōchū), "subline annotations" (warichū), "closing titles", etc; shortage of available vocabulary for metadata in various ISO and other international standards, most conspicuously with regard to the interaction with written variants of Japanese, which often indicates the genre of the document; community building towards standardization and long-term preservability of digital texts, with non-Anglophone user base in mind; and so on.

Se trata de la presentación del desarrollo metodológico para la elaboración de la edición crítico-genética digital de "Frutos de mi tierra" (1896) de Tomás Carrasquilla, basada en la conjugación del paradigma ecdótico digital de Susanna Allés Torrent (2020):

a. Captura: datos informáticos.

b. Remediación: el proceso a través del cual los nuevos medios transforman los anteriores.

c. Estructuración y modelado: armazón interno y externo plasmado en un esquema XML-TEI

d. Publicación e interfaces:

e. Archivo y fluidez textual: elementos paratextuales (p. 75).

Y las tres fases de la ecdótica colombiana de Edwin Carvajal Córdoba (2017) para realizar ediciones críticas impresas que provienen de la Filología hispánica de Alberto Blecua (1983) y Miguel Ángel Pérez Priego (2011):

Recensio

1. Recuento de la búsqueda de los testimonios

2. Relación de los testimonios

3. Descripción bibliográfica

4. Selección del texto base

Constitutio textus

5. Cotejo y valoración filológica

Dispositio textus

6. Formulación del aparato crítico

7. Criterios editoriales

8. Fijación ( Carvajal Córdoba, 2017, pp. 327-340).

El propósito es plantear un flujo de trabajo para producir la edición crítico-genética digital de "Frutos de mi tierra" (1896) de Tomás Carrasquilla mediante la siguiente estructura:

Recensio

a. Síntesis de las historias de transmisión

b. Descripción material de los testimonios

c. Selección del texto base

d. Captura

e. Remediación

f. Formulación del juicio crítico o iudicium del editor

Constitutio textus

a. Cotejo

b. Valoración filológica de los resultados

c. TEI: estructuración y modelado

Dispositio textus

a. Composición del aparato crítico

b. Criterios editoriales

c. Fijación

Bibliografía

Allés Torrent, S. (2020). Crítica textual y edición digital o ¿dónde está la crítica en las ediciones digitales? En Studia Aurea 14(0). https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/studiaaurea.395

Carvajal, E. (2017). Crítica textual y edición de textos literarios contemporáneos. En Cultura y Memoria. Medellín: Sílaba-Universidad de Antioquia.

This short paper proposal originates from the Evolving Hands project, but the topic is not the project itself, or Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR), but the conversion workflows for transformation, up-conversion, and enrichment of TEI data produced from HTR. There will only be a short introduction to the project since we’ve discussed it at previous TEI conferences.

*Transformation*

Transkribus exports to Page XML (though also has premium formats like ALTO and TEI). The in-built TEI export had a number of issues when tested, so some of the case studies in the project used the more complete Page XML export and then Dario Kampkaspar’s Page2TEI XSLT conversion for transforming the HTR transcripts. The paper will investigate some of the options in transformation of files to TEI P5 XML.

*XML Up-Conversion*

Up-conversion is the generation of more detailed markup from a less-detailed source, usually through recognising implicit structural patterns. During up-conversion the data may be supplemented by techniques such as:

- the probabilistic intuiting of existing data structures based on less-detailed markup;

- the wholesale replacement of existing hierarchies with more detailed and expressive substitutes;

- or the determination of extra annotation based on retrieving data from external sources using contextual clues.

As a case study in XML up-conversion the paper uses a dataset of structured print volumes where intra-word formatting is important but ignored by OCR. A cipher-based approach enabled us to preserve the intellectual content.

*Data Enrichment*

As a conclusion the paper will point to other forms of data enrichment such as editors like LEAF-Writer and related tools to provide the marking of Named Entities as Linked Open Data as a form of data enrichment. The presentation will highlight the ease of use of such tools for data enrichment, especially where LEAF-Writer has a dedicated import for HTR-generated TEI P5 XML files.