Scientific research on climate change emphasizes carbon performance (CP) as essential to sustainable management. The framework examines business greenhouse gas emissions from environmental restrictions and public expectations. CP has been explored for pollution monitoring and financial incentives like carbon credits, but sociological knowledge of corporate networks as sustainability advocates is lacking.

This study examines CP through the lens of corporate centrality, defined as a company’s position based on its connectivity and influence within a network. It analyzes different types of centralities in Mexican corporations, employing social network analysis (SNA) and metrics such as degree, closeness, eigenvector, and betweenness centrality.

The research focuses on networks of shared board members (board interlocks) and the carbon emissions reported by these companies. Using a symmetric undirected matrix to account for board interlock connections, our findings reveal whether companies with higher centrality implement more effective sustainability practices, positioning them as key nodes for disseminating emission reduction strategies.

Furthermore, the study aims to identify the challenges faced by peripheral companies, which, despite having less influence, exhibit greater flexibility to adopt innovative approaches. This research offers theoretical and practical frameworks to improve business sustainability plans and highlights the significance of network dynamics in advancing low-carbon economies.

The findings enhance the domain of business management and sustainability, emphasizing the significance of collaboration and leadership in addressing climate change. The report provides pragmatic ideas for formulating public policies and business initiatives that enhance the role of core enterprises and promote sustainable development.

Extreme weather events, such as droughts, floods, and hurricanes, increasingly shape the lives of communities across Mexico. While exposure to similar climate events might suggest shared experiences, the social and economic consequences of these events vary drastically. Some communities recover quickly, while others suffer prolonged economic hardship, displacement, and intensified migration. This study adopts a network perspective on climate change to investigate how extreme weather events connect communities in Mexico and how these connections contribute to unequal social and economic outcomes.

We analyze the evolving structure of climate-induced community networks using a combination of high-resolution NASA weather data and social and economic data from the Mexican Migration Project. We construct a bipartite network linking communities to extreme weather events, where ties represent shared exposure to specific climate shocks. By modeling the evolution of this network from 1980 to the present, we examine how climate events create interdependencies among communities and influence migration patterns, economic resilience, and long-term demographic shifts. Specifically, we assess whether communities with similar climate exposure experience parallel social and economic consequences or whether preexisting inequalities exacerbate divergent outcomes.

Preliminary results suggest that the number of communities affected by the same extreme weather events has increased significantly since the early 1990s, creating dense clusters of climate-linked communities. However, the economic and migration consequences of these shared exposures are highly unequal. Wealthier communities often absorb climate shocks with fewer disruptions due to greater institutional support, financial stability, and diversified economies. In contrast, poorer communities, particularly those reliant on subsistence agriculture or informal labor markets, face greater displacement risks and higher migration rates to the U.S. and urban centers within Mexico.

This research contributes to a growing literature on climate-induced inequality by shifting the focus from isolated community-level effects to the broader relational dynamics that structure climate vulnerability. Our findings highlight the need for policy interventions that recognize not only the increasing frequency of extreme weather events but also the interconnected nature of their consequences. Understanding how climate events bind communities into shared experiences—while simultaneously deepening socioeconomic inequalities—can inform targeted adaptation strategies, such as regional economic safety nets and climate-responsive migration policies.

Sustainability and sustainable development include questions of climate change, as well as climate-culture, but are broader, involving other environmental concerns (such as local pollution and plastic waste,) as well as questions of social justice and distribution of economic resources in human communities and environmental protection, addressing various forms of pollution, ensuring conservation of wildlife and the maintenance of healthy ecosystems to enhance security by building resilience to the impacts of climate change.

Climate change, due to increased carbon emissions worldwide, is the greatest challenge facing sustainability efforts. It affects economic systems, increases social inequalities and causes severe environmental impacts. Sustainability represents an opportunity to ensure that both present and future generations meet their needs. Climate change is a highly controversial issue, with contestation over its facts, causes, proposed solutions and the values underpinning them (Hoggett, 2011; Marshall, 2014). It is embedded in broader knowledge wars in the contemporary era, with the proliferation of ‘fake news’, manipulation of the citizenry through social media, and distrust of experts – leading to the notion of the ‘post-truth’ era.

This study applies Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to evaluate how meteorological factors influence PM10 pollution in Skopje, Kumanovo and Bitola from 2012 to 2020. PCA reduces data complexity while identifying key weather variables that impact air pollution levels.

Findings indicate that temperature and wind speed have the strongest negative correlation with PM10 concentrations, meaning lower temperatures and weaker winds are linked to higher pollution levels. These conditions limit pollutant dispersion, leading to worse air quality. Humidity and precipitation have mixed effects—humidity can promote both the removal and formation of pollutants, while precipitation aids in PM10 reduction through wet season, depending on intensity and duration.

The extracted principal components explain a significant portion of pollution variability, highlighting the dominant meteorological influences on air quality trends. By clarifying these relationships, PCA enhances the understanding of air pollution dynamics in the three largest urban areas in North Macedonia.

This analysis provides valuable insights for air quality management in North Macedonia. By identifying the key meteorological drivers of pollution, policymakers can develop more targeted and effective strategies to mitigate PM10 levels and improve public health.

Climate adaptation governance refers to the structures, processes, and policies that manage climate change impacts. Collaborative partnerships between organizations involved with climate adaptation creates a network that binds the governance structure together. Understanding the key actors in a governance system is critical for understanding how to leverage existing structural components of the network to overcome institutional and social barriers to adaptation, such as network fragmentation or diverging adaptation goals. Utilizing a 2024 survey of climate adaptation practitioners in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, this study answers two questions: 1) Which organizations are most central to the collaborative network? and 2) How does this differ across land-use contexts? We answer these questions by using a core-periphery network test and examining different centrality measures to identify popular, influential, broker, or broadcaster organizations. We expect to see a similar collaborative network structure between practitioners working in rural and mixed land use contexts compared to urban, which we expect to be more decentralized. This study will establish which organizations act as key adaptation players in the Delta and how this varies across the urban-rural spectrum.