Participatory Action Research (PAR) privileges approaches in which researchers and the people and communities central to their work collaborate to address problematic situations and change them for the better. Care ethics prioritizes mutual responsiveness, reciprocity, restorative justice, and the acknowledgment of power inequities in the context of relationships built upon the unique contributions, capacities, and limitations of all participating parties. This roundtable explores and critically interrogates the possibilities and horizons of care ethics-grounded, PAR-driven methodologies in the ethnomusicologies of Deaf culture and neurodiversity. Presenter 1 is an autistic singer-songwriter, author, and neurodiversity rights advocate whose alternating experiences of agency and dependence as a featured performer in large-venue concerts sponsored by the Doug Flutie Jr. Foundation for Autism is the focus of her presentation. Presenter 2, a self-identified hard-of-hearing music education professor and Deaf music studies scholar, offers a reflexive, experiential perspective on the important distinction between “caring/working with” vs. “caring/working on” in his research and applied work, advocating for the former. Presenter 3 provides a case study of a caring/working with methodology drawn from her Deaf culture studies-based work on the ethnomusicology of dip hop. Presenter 4 concludes with an at once retrospective and forward-looking consideration of the ethnomusicology of neurodiversity, paying special attention to the potentialities of care ethics and PAR-centered approaches. At once modeling and accounting for the PAR and care ethics turns in Deaf culture and neurodiversity studies and advocacy, this roundtable aspires to generate lively discussion and responses that advance interdisciplinarity and critical ethnomusicological inquiry.