The reuse of brownfield land for housing and mixed-use development has been a key tenet of planning policy for around 25 years. The premise is that redeveloping brownfield sites can tackle health and economic inequalities in our towns and cities at the same time as delivering new houses and other uses for people. This paper presents the findings from an analysis of secondary data to explore the social, economic and environmental impacts of brownfield sites and their redevelopment in England over the last twenty years. Using data related to the presence of brownfield land at the neighbourhood level and a suite of socioeconomic outcomes we found the strongest evidence for the impact of brownfield redevelopment comes from neighbourhood improvement, related to perceptions of safety, social cohesion, and increased health and life satisfaction. These are likely to provide indirect economic benefits, thereby making the case for Government investment in these neighbourhoods. Using the expected life satisfaction gain that would be associated with the removal of one unit of brownfield (exposure), we calculated the corresponding loss in income that would exactly offset the life satisfaction gain. The evidence for direct individual economic impacts in terms of residents’ economic participation is weaker, although an analysis of productivity found that there may be neighbourhood-level economic benefits in urban areas and perhaps suggests that mixed-use developments in urban areas may be more beneficial than solely residential developments.