Programa del congreso

High-Andean regions exhibit a marked mismatch between the availability of solar radiation during the day and the demand for heating at night, which calls for systems capable of storing thermal energy and managing it efficiently. This work evaluates the thermal performance of a solar heating system based on sensible thermal storage in a water tank, distribution through hydronic radiators, and automatic flow control, incorporating a conditional electric backup. The analysis considers continuous operation over seven days with a temporal resolution of 60 s, using representative profiles of solar irradiance and outdoor temperature for the Puno region. The system includes 6 m² of solar collectors, a 150 L storage tank, and a room modeled using lumped energy balances. The objective of the control system is to maintain an indoor temperature of 21 °C during the period of highest thermal demand (18:00–23:00), prioritizing the use of stored solar energy and limiting auxiliary consumption. The results show that the system maintains the indoor temperature within the thermal comfort range (20–22 °C) during 91.36% of the evaluated nighttime period, with a root mean square error of 1.67 °C relative to the setpoint and a weekly auxiliary energy consumption of 52.18 kWh. Design implications related to storage volume, building thermal losses, and radiator heat emission capacity are discussed, providing practical criteria for the implementation of solar heating systems in high-Andean dwellings.

This work proposes the geometric design and material selection of a box-type solar air collector, oriented to high-Andean conditions (Puno, Peru). The system incorporates an internal tubular serpentine that conducts the air flow in parallel passes, prioritizing manufacturability criteria (commercial tube, separation tolerances, and return radii) and thermal performance. The methodology integrates a first-order model based on energy balance, estimation of optical gain via (τα), and quantification of losses due to conduction, convection (internal and external), and radiation, employing standard correlations to obtain the convective coefficient. As a result, the final dimensions of the collector and the serpentine (number of passes, total length, and exchange area) are defined, together with relevant thermo-fluid parameters (Re,Nu, hi, and UA) for representative irradiance and flow rate scenarios. The design remains ready for its implementation and CAD documentation (SOLIDWORKS) and for a subsequent experimental validation under real conditions.

This paper examines the structural role of remittances as drivers of economic growth and macroeconomic stability in Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Nicaragua y Panamá, a region characterized by high exposure to external shocks and persistent dependence on external financial inflows. Using a panel data framework with country and time fixed effects and Driscoll–Kraay standard errors, the analysis evaluates whether remittance inflows contribute to growth dynamics and reduce output volatility. The results indicate that remittances are positively associated with per capita income growth and significantly reduce growth volatility, suggesting that these flows operate as a structural stabilizing mechanism. No statistically significant differential effect is observed during crisis periods, indicating that remittances primarily influence macroeconomic performance through long-run channels rather than short-term cyclical adjustments. The findings contribute to the literature by highlighting the role of remittances in strengthening economic resilience in small open economies.