Programa del congreso

Emergency housing plays a critical role in post-disaster response and recovery processes. However, many currently used emergency housing solutions present limitations in terms of thermal comfort, energy efficiency, and operational costs. This study evaluates the energy performance and operational costs of a reusable modular emergency housing model developed for the Chilean context, comparing it with three emergency housing solutions available in the national market with similar floor areas of approximately 34 m². The analysis considered the thermal properties of the building envelope, the annual heating and cooling energy demand, and the associated operational costs across nine Chilean climate zones using the Chilean Housing Energy Rating Tool (CEV). Results show that the reusable modular model reduces heating energy demand by more than 65 % in the coldest climate zones. A climatic transition zone between zones C and D was also identified, beyond which the higher insulation level becomes the dominant factor in the annual energy balance. From an economic perspective, the proposed model reduces annual climatization costs from approximately CLP 6.47 million in the least efficient solutions to CLP 2.25 million in the coldest climate zone. These findings highlight the potential of incorporating energy-efficiency criteria into emergency housing design even under the construction and budget constraints typical of post-disaster contexts, and suggest that reusable modular housing represents a promising strategy for improving the sustainability of post-disaster reconstruction.

Pervious concrete is widely used in sustainable urban infrastructure due to its capacity to promote stormwater infiltration through a highly interconnected pore structure. However, its relatively low mechanical strength limits its broader structural application. This study evaluates the incorporation of recycled tire rubber and tire-derived fibers in pervious concrete and analyzes their influence on compressive strength and hydraulic permeability. Rubber particles and nylon tire fibers obtained from an end-of-life tire recycling facility were incorporated into experimental mixtures at different replacement levels. Rubber replaced the fine aggregate fraction at 5–20%, while fibers were added at 1–5% by mass of cement. Cylindrical specimens were produced and tested for compressive strength at 7 and 28 days, and permeability was measured using a constant-head method. Results indicate that moderate rubber incorporation (5–10%) does not significantly reduce compressive strength and may slightly improve permeability due to enhanced pore connectivity. However, higher rubber contents progressively decrease both strength and permeability, likely due to partial blockage of interconnected voids. Fiber addition significantly influenced mechanical performance, with a 1% fiber content producing the highest compressive strength at both curing ages. Excessive fiber contents reduced strength and altered the pore structure. Results demonstrate that controlled incorporation of tire-derived waste materials can enhance the functional performance and sustainability of pervious concrete when mixture proportions are carefully optimized.

This research focused on determining the influence of barite (MB) and prickly pear mucilage (MT) on the compressive strength of concrete (f’c 280 kg/cm²) for urban buildings in Cajamarca, 2025. A quantitative approach, a quasi-experimental design, and an explanatory level of analysis were employed. Four mixtures were prepared, consisting of the standard mix and mixtures incorporating 3% MB + 0.3% MT, 6% MB + 0.3% MT, and 9% MB + 0.3% MT. The results indicated that the temperature ranged from 22.50 to 23.50 °C; the slump from 3.30 to 3.80 in; and the unit weight from 2220.00 to 2275.00 kg/m³. Based on the compression tests performed at 28 days, compressive strengths of 290.64, 303.86, 336.38, and 345.53 kg/cm² were obtained for each type of concrete. The optimal combination was identified as 9% MB + 0.3% MT, as it yielded the greatest strength increase of 18.89% compared to the control concrete [CP]. Finally, it was concluded that MB + MT has a positive influence on the compressive strength [RC] of concrete intended for urban buildings, as it increased its strength and allowed it to withstand greater compressive stresses.

This experimental research analyzes how the integration of Dramix 3D steel fibers at percentages of 2%, 4%, and 6% affects the compressive strength of concrete for rigid pavements. Following ASTM C39, 36 cylindrical samples were produced, including a control concrete without fibers and three reinforced mixes. These were tested at 7, 14, and 28 days. The results indicate that, with the addition of fibers, the compressive strength increases gradually. Compared to conventional concrete, at 28 days, improvements of 4.79%, 23.26%, and 24.91% were observed for the 2%, 4%, and 6% dosages, respectively. However, the increase in strength stabilizes at the 4% level, showing only minor variations compared to the 6% level. The ANOVA statistical analysis confirmed significant differences between the mixes, highlighting that the 4% and 6% dosages exhibited higher strength values, while the control mix and the 2% mix showed similar performance. Similarly, the 4% dosage demonstrated lower variability and higher homogeneity in the results, which are considered excellent according to the concrete control standards of ACI 214. Finally, it was determined that adding 4% fibers is the best option because it allows for an appropriate balance between mechanical strength, workability, and cost. This makes it suitable for use in rigid pavements subjected to high traffic volumes.

In Latin America, rural road construction and improvement programs have been implemented to improve traffic flow and reduce dust, mud, and noise. However, conventional criteria for evaluating public investment do not adequately reflect the needs of rural areas. In these contexts, aspects such as rural-urban integration, access to education and healthcare, environmental protection, and local identity are more relevant than travel times or traffic volumes.

Within this framework, a multi-criteria evaluation method is proposed to prioritize rural road improvements that maximize their contribution to sustainable territorial development. The methodology integrates multi-criteria and multi-objective decision-making techniques, optimizing alternatives using the Manhattan distance, and is complemented by a fuzzy cognitive map to analyze the dynamic behavior of the selected solutions.

The proposal is applied to a case study in the Araucanía Region of Chile, where fifteen roads are selected from a sample of 101. The analysis considers 16 criteria and 27 indicators associated with the social, environmental, technical, and economic dimensions of sustainability.

Wastewater treatment is a priority in rural areas like Namora, Cajamarca, due to the limited sanitation infrastructure. Therefore, this research designed and simulated a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) using STOAT software, including pretreatment, sedimentation, a UASB reactor, and tertiary filtration, under a quantitative, non-experimental, and correlational approach. The results showed efficiencies of 95% for BOD5, 90% for suspended solids and nitrogen, and 85% for phosphorus, while a hydraulic retention time of eight hours optimized reactor stability and effluent quality. Thus, computational modeling was consolidated as an effective tool for proposing sustainable solutions for rural sanitation.

This study analyzes a proposed solution to sanitation challenges in rural areas through the design and implementation of a low-cost Wastewater Treatment System (STAR), adapted to the socio-environmental conditions of Manglaralto parish, Santa Elena Province, Ecuador. The need for sustainable alternatives is justified by the deficit in sanitation infrastructure, the semi-arid climate, and the scarcity of water resources in the area. The main objective was to design a functional, replicable, and economically viable system capable of enabling the safe treatment and reuse of domestic wastewater. The methodology included the technical design of the system, composed of a tubular biodigester, grease trap, infiltration trench, and a phytoremediation area using guadua bamboo. A SWOT analysis, a technical-environmental assessment, and a projected financial analysis were conducted. The sample considered corresponds to a rural household equivalent to a population of five people. The results indicate that the system would allow the reuse of 104 L/day of treated water over a 20.8 m² irrigation area, supporting small-scale agricultural use. Annual savings are estimated at USD 246.10, reaching a profitability of 20.17% by the third year. It is concluded that the STAR represents a viable alternative for rural sanitation, generating stabilized effluents suitable for fertigation, with scalability potential, simple annual maintenance, and alignment with circular economy principles and integrated water resource management.