Conference Agenda

The Peruvian fertilizer industry has historically relied on urea and ammonia derivative imports, despite having competitive advantages such as regulated natural gas prices and reserves from the Camisea fields. In that regard, this study assesses the technical and economic feasibility of producing ammonia and its derivatives locally to reduce import dependency and support the agricultural and mining sectors. Market analysis identified an average demand of 1,200 tpd of urea and 1,125 tpd (tonnes per day) of ammonium nitrate, justifying a 2,000 tpd ammonia plant using Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) for hydrogen production. Material and energy balances estimated a natural gas requirement of 70 MMSCFD and a power demand of 50 MW, with cogeneration to reduce grid dependency. Pisco-Paracas was selected for its access to pipelines and port infrastructure, optimizing logistics for domestic distribution and potential exports. Economic evaluation estimated a CAPEX of USD 1.6 billion, with competitive production costs compared to imports. Financial analysis showed viability under optimized gas pricing and financing structures. Sensitivity analysis confirmed that natural gas pricing is the main variable impacting financial outcomes, followed by CAPEX and product prices.

City garbage disposal handling has become a major ecological concern in cities experiencing accelerated expansion, where population growth and institutional constraints contribute to increasing waste generation and environmental degradation. In this context, residents’ perceptions—shaped by their daily experiences with public cleaning, collection frequency, transparency, and participation—have become a key indicator for assessing municipal efficiency. The purpose of this research was to analyze how residents’ viewpoints are associated with local waste administration practices in the Los Olivos area during the year 2025. Methodologically, a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational design was followed. The study included 384 participants of legal age, who were chosen using a probabilistic selection method with equal likelihood for all eligible individuals. Data were collected via a Likert-scale questionnaire, which demonstrated both content validity and reliability. For inferential analysis in IBM SPSS, and given the lack of normality in the data, Spearman’s Rho test was applied. The findings revealed a substantial and statistically significant positive correlation (ρ = 0,809; p < 0,001), indicating a strong association between citizens’ perceptions and municipal management, without implying causation. Medium and high levels predominated, reflecting moderate acceptance. It is concluded that citizen evaluation is an essential strategic tool for refining public policies, highlighting the urgent need to strengthen environmental education and institutional transparency to achieve a legitimate and resource-efficient waste management structure.

Anxiety about mathematics is a significant barrier to academic success in engineering education; however, its internal organization and contextual determinants during the transition to the first year of university are not yet fully understood. The present study examined mathematical anxiety in first-year engineering students using a person-centered approach and multivariate analysis, with the aim of capturing its heterogeneity and cumulative nature. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 293 first-year students, who were assessed using the Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale (AMAS). Descriptive analyses, latent profile analysis (LPA), multinomial logistic regression, linear regression, and mediation models were applied.

The results showed moderate levels of math anxiety, with significantly higher activation in assessment contexts compared to learning situations. The LPA identified three distinct profiles of math anxiety low, moderate, and high revealing a heterogeneity that is not captured by overall averages. Profile membership was significantly associated with gender, but not with age. Contextual variables such as perception of mathematical performance, avoidance of mathematical activities, and mathematical anxiety since school age were consistently related to higher anxiety profiles. Mediation analysis showed that school anxiety influences university avoidance both directly and indirectly through current mathematical anxiety, which emerged as the main predictor of belonging to latent profiles.

These findings conceptualize math anxiety as a structured and contextual phenomenon, with direct implications for early detection, academic support, and retention in engineering programs

The choice of engineering careers continues to exhibit a persistent gender gap, despite sustained efforts to promote female participation in STEM fields. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of engineering-oriented vocational interests in the pre-university population and examine their distribution by gender using the RIASEC model. A cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted with a final sample of 1,664 participants from Honduras, collected between May and December 2025. A psychometrically validated vocational interest instrument was administered, focusing on the Realistic and Investigative dimensions and a combined Realistic–Investigative (R+I) profile as an indicator of engineering orientation. Results indicated that 30.2% of participants showed high Realistic interest and 46.3% high Investigative interest. Overall, 25.2% of the sample exhibited a high R+I profile, with comparable prevalence among men and women. However, a statistically significant association emerged between the R+I profile and gender (χ², p < .001), reflecting differences in the overall distribution of vocational profiles rather than disparities in the prevalence of the high R+I profile itself. These findings indicate that the gender gap in engineering is not primarily attributable to lower female vocational interest, but to sociocultural mechanisms that shape the transition from interest to actual career choice, underscoring the importance of targeted strategies to attract and retain students in STEM engineering programs.

This study analyzes the relationship between transformational leadership and work motivation among employees of a pharmacy chain in Lima, Peru, in 2025. The research adopts a quantitative approach, using a non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational design to examine the association between both variables and their respective dimensions. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire composed of 20 Likert-scale items, applied to a census sample of 100 employees. The instrument demonstrated strong psychometric properties, achieving excellent reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.88) and content validity through expert judgment. Given the non-normal distribution of the data, Spearman’s rho was applied for hypothesis testing. The results reveal a statistically significant and moderate positive relationship between transformational leadership and work motivation (r = 0.498; p = 0.000). At the dimensional level, idealized influence (r = 0.434; p = 0.000) and individualized consideration (r = 0.466; p = 0.000) show moderate positive correlations, while inspirational motivation (r = 0.376; p = 0.000) and intellectual stimulation (r = 0.375; p = 0.000) present low but significant positive relationships with work motivation. These findings confirm the relevance of transformational leadership as a key organizational factor that enhances employee motivation. The study concludes that leadership practices based on ethical influence, inspiration, intellectual development, and individualized support significantly contribute to motivational processes, organizational commitment, and performance. The results provide empirical evidence that supports theoretical models of transformational leadership and motivation, highlighting their practical applicability in organizational contexts within the Peruvian pharmaceutical sector

This study analyzes the relationship between organizational culture and employee turnover among young workers aged 18 to 25 in micro and small enterprises (Mypes) in the district of Villa El Salvador during 2025. A quantitative approach was adopted, using a basic, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and correlational design. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire with Likert-type items, applied to a sample of 384 young workers selected under the assumption of an infinite population, with a 95 percent confidence level and a 5 percent margin of error. Statistical analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS, including descriptive analysis, reliability testing, normality tests, and Spearman’s rho correlation analysis. The results show a significant negative relationship between organizational culture and employee turnover, indicating that more positive perceptions of organizational culture are associated with lower turnover among young workers. Significant inverse relationships were also found between employee turnover and the dimensions of organizational culture: organizational artifacts, organizational values, and organizational assumptions, with organizational artifacts showing the strongest association. Although the correlations were of low intensity, they were statistically significant and consistent across all dimensions. These findings highlight the relevance of strengthening cultural elements within organizations to promote commitment, sense of belonging, and job stability among young workers. The study concludes that organizational culture plays a meaningful role in reducing employee turnover in MSEs and provides empirical evidence to support the design of strategic interventions aimed at improving retention, organizational climate, and long-term sustainability in micro and small enterprises