Conference Agenda

This research develops a three-dimensional parametric analysis of the mechanical behavior of flexible pavements subjected to vehicular overload, considering geotechnical conditions representative of the Cajamarca region. The study integrates nonlinear mathematical formulation, multilayer mechanical characterization, and numerical modeling using the finite element method (3D FEM), incorporating viscoelastic-viscoplastic behavior in the asphalt layer and a Drucker-Prager type elastoplastic model in granular layers and subgrade. Overload factors of up to 25% relative to the standard load, variations in the dynamic modulus of the asphalt of ±25%, changes in the resilient modulus of the subgrade between 50 and 150 MPa, thermal increases of 15 °C, and variations in surface thickness of up to 20% were evaluated. The results showed that a 15% increase in load generated average increases of 27% in surface vertical deformation, while a 25% surcharge produced increases between 38% and 45% in accumulated deformation, confirming non-proportional structural behavior dependent on a potential load-damage law. It was determined that when the subgrade resilient modulus is less than 80 MPa, more than 60% of the total deformation is concentrated in the foundation soil, significantly amplifying the effect of the surcharge. The incorporation of a viscoplastic formulation allowed for more accurate capture of accumulated permanent deformation, showing that purely viscoelastic models underestimate rutting depth by approximately 20%. The approach based on the linear proportionality of equivalent loads is insufficient in traffic scenarios with recurrent overloading.

This research evaluated the influence of scallop shell powder (passing #100 mesh) and steel powder (passing #200 mesh) on the mechanical and structural performance of hot mix asphalt, using an integrated experimental-numerical approach. Four mix designs were created using the Marshall method (75 blows per face): a conventional mix (M0) and three modified mixes with 5%, 10%, and 15% combined substitution. The optimum asphalt content, stability, flow, volumetric parameters (VIM, VMA, VFA), moisture resistance (TSR), and dynamic modulus at 20 °C were determined. The results showed that the 10% dosage exhibited the best overall performance, achieving a Marshall stability of 10.42 kN, representing a 17% increase compared to the conventional mix. The TSR index increased to 89%, exceeding the MTC regulatory requirement (≥ 80%), demonstrating improved binder-aggregate adhesion attributed to the calcitic nature of the shell dust. The dynamic modulus increased by approximately 14%, from 4500 MPa to 5150 MPa. Three-dimensional modeling using the finite element method allowed for the quantification of stress redistribution in the multilayer system. The optimal mix reduced surface deformation by approximately 15% and tensile stress at the base of the pavement by 16%, compared to the conventional mix. Under a 20% overload, structural amplification decreased from 38% to 25%, reducing sensitivity to vehicle overload. The results confirm that the controlled incorporation of scallop shell dust and steel powder simultaneously improves the mechanical stability, moisture resistance, and structural response of flexible pavement, constituting a technically viable alternative for conditions representative of Cajamarca.

Unpaved roads commonly exhibit subgrade deterioration associated with meteorological effects, insufficient preventive maintenance, traffic exceeding design loads, drainage deficiencies, and variability in soil and terrain conditions. To address this problem, soil-stabilization alternatives were assessed through laboratory testing aimed at improving performance under the laboratory conditions assessed of unpaved road grades. The study considered a granular A-2-4 (AASHTO) soil with a plasticity index around 9.6% and selected four stabilizing agents based on the reviewed literature: Type I Portland cement (cementitious benchmark), sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium chloride (CaCl₂), and cane molasses. The agents were compared in terms of compressive strength, plasticity index, and permeability response. Results indicate that molasses meaningfully reduce soil plasticity and that a 2% dosage increases compressive strength compared to untreated soil; conversely, the chloride treatments showed no significant strength improvement under the tested conditions. Accordingly, further research is recommended on the molasses–soil-cement interaction, focusing on mechanical and hydraulic performance for practical implementation in unpaved road networks.

Experimental pull-out tests are conducted to evaluate the pull-out behavior of mechanical and adhesive post-installed concrete anchors embedded in high-strength concrete. The study compares measured pull-out capacities with code-based strength predictions in accordance with ACI 318 anchorage provisions. Anchors are installed in concrete blocks by drilling holes following manufacturers’ installation requirements. Mechanical anchors are installed using hammer-driven expansion, whereas adhesive anchors are installed by injecting epoxy into the drilled holes prior to anchor placement. Mechanical anchors are tested immediately after installation, while adhesive anchors are tested after a minimum epoxy curing period of 24 hours. Pull-out testing is performed using an M2008 heavy-duty tester. Concrete blocks measure 20 in × 20 in in plan and 8 in in thickness and are cast with a mix design achieving a compressive strength exceeding 8 ksi. Anchors are placed at corner, edge, and interior locations to investigate the influence of anchor location on pull-out capacity and failure mode. Experimental results are compared with pull-out strength predictions based on ACI 318 provisions using the 8-ksi concrete strength limitation. The results highlight the influence of concrete strength, anchor type, installation method, and edge distance on pull-out performance and provide insight into the applicability of current code-based design assumptions for post-installed anchors subjected to pull-out loading.

The mechanical characterization of soil is a fundamental aspect of shallow foundation design, particularly in areas with high geotechnical variability such as Baños del Inca, Cajamarca. This research aimed to establish quantitative correlations between the Dynamic Light Penetration (DLP) test, strength parameters obtained through triaxial tests, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values ​​in medium- to high-plasticity clay soils (CL–CH). A field and laboratory study was conducted, including DLP tests to representative foundation depths, the collection of samples for consolidated and undrained triaxial tests, and the determination of CBR under controlled compaction conditions. The results showed significant linear correlations between the blow count and CBR (R² = 0.83), between DLP and the angle of internal friction (R² = 0.79), and between CBR and undrained strength (R² = 0.76). The incorporation of state variables such as moisture content and dry density improved the statistical fit to R² = 0.87. It was observed that for values ​​greater than 15 blows/10 cm, the soils exhibited CBR values ​​greater than 20% and undrained compressive strengths greater than 118 kPa, indicating favorable conditions for conventional shallow foundations under the safety criteria established by Peruvian regulations. The results confirmed that the DPL can be used as a reliable preliminary tool to estimate strength and bearing capacity parameters in local clays, provided that the correlations are specifically calibrated for the site's geotechnical conditions.

The research conducted in the rural Afro-Peruvian community of Cruz Pampa – Yapatera – Piura – Peru, includes a contextual analysis and a situational diagnosis at both the global and local levels. This analysis underscores the importance of identifying the different levels of comfort in the homes of the Cruz Pampa community, as this will allow authorities and the community itself to take measures to improve comfort levels in their dwellings. The study was applied and quantitative, with a population of 1,054 people and a sample of 282. Its main objective was to determine the relationship between design criteria and comfort levels in the homes of the rural Afro-Peruvian community of Cruz Pampa – Yapatera – Piura. The results showed a correlation between the two variables (p < 0.000), but this correlation is weak and negative (-0.356). The study concludes that the comfort levels in the homes are low due to the inadequate design criteria used in their construction.