Programa del congreso

Designing effective vaccination strategies remains a significant challenge for urban health systems, particularly in settings characterized by high population density, operational limitations, and pervasive uncertainty. This study addresses this challenge through a simulation-based and mathematical modeling framework aimed at evaluating and comparing alternative vaccination strategies at the district level.

The proposed approach begins with an optimization formulation based on systems of differential equations derived from a stratified compartmental model, which is subsequently transformed through linearization into a linear programming optimization framework. The model integrates demographic characteristics, vaccination coverage levels, and operational assumptions to assess the impact of different scenarios on overall system performance.

The methodology is applied to a district within the metropolitan area of Lima, Peru—currently home to more than 11 million inhabitants—enabling the mathematical simulation and statistical evaluation of multiple vaccination strategies under varying degrees of service coverage complexity. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework generates actionable quantitative insights to support public health decision-making, facilitating the identification of strategies that enhance coverage efficiency and improve system-wide performance. Overall, the study underscores the value of analytical and modeling tools as effective decision-support mechanisms for vaccination planning in urban contexts across Latin America.

Air pollution remains a critical public health and sustainability challenge, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions with limited regulatory monitoring infrastructure. While most urban air quality assessments rely on mean concentration comparisons and exceedance thresholds, less attention has been given to short-term temporal persistence dynamics that influence exposure duration. This study introduces the concept of urban atmospheric persistence to evaluate short-term retention of PM2.5 concentrations in two Central American urban systems using hourly open-access sensor data.

A comparative time-series framework was applied to analyze lag-based autocorrelation (1–6 hours) over a multi-week period, including combustion-intensive celebration days. Results reveal strong immediate dependence in both cities (Lag 1 = 0.53), but distinct decay trajectories thereafter. The city of San Pedro Sula exhibits sustained multi-hour persistence, including secondary reinforcement at Lag 3 (0.53), whereas City of Tegucigalpa demonstrates faster monotonic decay, approaching near-zero correlation by Lag 6. These findings suggest that urban systems may differ not only in pollution magnitude but also in atmospheric retention structure.

The study contributes empirical evidence from an underrepresented region and demonstrates the analytical value of combining open sensor networks with time-series methods. Limitations include the absence of meteorological covariate integration and API-based retrieval constraints inherent to open-access platforms, which restricted the analysis to approximately 1000 hourly observations per monitoring location. Despite these constraints, the results provide a replicable framework for evaluating temporal persistence as a complementary indicator for urban sustainability assessment.

The current context of forest policy highlights the importance of sustainable management of forest resources in various regions of Peru. For this reason, the objective of the research was to identify the public institutions focused on the forestry sector and analyze the role they play in collaboration with the local government in managing and addressing forest fires in the Pampas district, Tayacaja province, Huancavelica region, Peru. The research was conducted at the National Forest and Wildlife Service (SERFOR) and the Forest Management and Ecosystem Conservation Project of the Mantaro Valley (PROVRAEM), as well as at the Tayacaja Provincial Municipality. The actions, projects, and strategies carried out by each entity in the production of forest seedlings, reforestation, community training, among others, were analyzed. The results reported a lack of resources, bureaucracy, limited community participation, and the need to improve the quality of seedlings. It is concluded that forest management is crucial for ecosystem conservation, soil restoration, food security, and economic development in the region, making it urgent to enhance collaboration among institutions, the private sector, and communities.

Limited productive and commercial coordination within rural high-Andean agricultural systems constitutes a structural constraint to sustainable income generation and the reduction of socioeconomic vulnerability. In these contexts, fragmented production, small operational scale, and weak integration into formal markets negatively affect technical efficiency and profitability. This study proposes an integrated strengthening model for the guinea pig value chain in the district of Huachis (Áncash, Peru), through the combined application of the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach and the Value Links methodology. The Sustainable Livelihoods framework enabled a quantitative assessment of human, physical, financial, natural, and social capital, identifying structural gaps directly linked to low productivity and limited household resilience. Baseline analysis revealed productivity levels approximately 30% below regional technical benchmarks and limited access to formal credit (less than 20% of producers). Based on this diagnosis, the Value Links methodology facilitated actor mapping, value flow analysis, and identification of coordination failures across chain segments. The proposed upgrading strategies project measurable outcomes, including a 25–35% increase in productivity per production unit, a 15–20% reduction in transaction costs through associative coordination, a 20% increase in net household income, and a 30% growth in formal or differentiated market participation. Additional targets include a 40% increase in producer formalization and strengthened collective governance structures. The proposed model enhances territorial economic sustainability and provides a replicable quantitative framework for value chain transformation in vulnerable rural environments.

The Andean region of Peru is located in a tropical zone with low tropospheric ozone concentration, making it prone to greater exposure to ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation, which causes damage to the skin, eyes, and immune systems. Despite awareness of the situation in the Andes, the constant increase in urbanization and the number of vehicles on the road, as well as manufacturing industries, may further deplete the ozone layer in this region. Therefore, the research work consisted of estimating the variability of the total ozone column in February 2010 in the Mantaro Valley using the tropospheric Ultraviolet and visible (TUV) model, and for its validation, ground measurements were taken, synchronizing it with the Ground-Based Ultraviolet (UV) GUV-511 Biospherical Inc. spectral radiometer, which provides measurements at 305, 320, 340, and 380 nm and the ultraviolet (UV) index. Spearman's correlation coefficient was determined for the statistical evaluation and validation of the TUV model. A value of 0.86 (p>0.05) was obtained for the UV index for Huancayo. In addition, a maximum clear sky radiance was given at 305 nm, 320 nm, 340 nm, and 380 nm of 0.12, 0.4, 0.64, and 0.83 W/m²nm, respectively, and a UV index of 12. It is concluded that the use of the TUV model allows the annual climate of the RUV in the ECAMP to be predicted.