Programa del congreso

This research develops a three-dimensional parametric analysis of the mechanical behavior of flexible pavements subjected to vehicular overload, considering geotechnical conditions representative of the Cajamarca region. The study integrates nonlinear mathematical formulation, multilayer mechanical characterization, and numerical modeling using the finite element method (3D FEM), incorporating viscoelastic-viscoplastic behavior in the asphalt layer and a Drucker-Prager type elastoplastic model in granular layers and subgrade. Overload factors of up to 25% relative to the standard load, variations in the dynamic modulus of the asphalt of ±25%, changes in the resilient modulus of the subgrade between 50 and 150 MPa, thermal increases of 15 °C, and variations in surface thickness of up to 20% were evaluated. The results showed that a 15% increase in load generated average increases of 27% in surface vertical deformation, while a 25% surcharge produced increases between 38% and 45% in accumulated deformation, confirming non-proportional structural behavior dependent on a potential load-damage law. It was determined that when the subgrade resilient modulus is less than 80 MPa, more than 60% of the total deformation is concentrated in the foundation soil, significantly amplifying the effect of the surcharge. The incorporation of a viscoplastic formulation allowed for more accurate capture of accumulated permanent deformation, showing that purely viscoelastic models underestimate rutting depth by approximately 20%. The approach based on the linear proportionality of equivalent loads is insufficient in traffic scenarios with recurrent overloading.