Programa del congreso

The bioassay with the bioindicator Daphnia magna, facilitates obtaining the individual and mixed acute ecotoxicological effect of various toxic chemicals through the mean lethal concentration (LC₅₀). The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the aquatic environmental risk of the mixture of herbicides, glyphosate (GLY) and paraquat (PQ) in D. magna. For the 24 and 48 h exposure tests, standardized cultures of D. magna were used. The herbicides GLY and PQ, and the mixture of both, were evaluated. The results obtained for D. magna showed that the acute toxicity was the following: mixture of GLY + PQ > PQ > GLY. The Aquatic Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) without the use of the safety factor (FS) showed that GLY does not represent an individual risk in avocado cultivation. At the same time, it presents an aquatic risk in the other two scenarios (coffee and sugar cane). On the other hand, the PQ presents an environmental risk for all three scenarios. The ERA using FS showed the risk for both herbicides in the three scenarios. It is concluded that GLY and PQ cause a risk to the aquatic environment.

This research aims to identify and develop an approximation of the trends, practices, projects, programs, initiatives and strategies of organizations dedicated to Agribusiness, with the objective of having an idea of ​​the research, analysis, uses and applications of technology in this sector in the last 10 years, this with the aim not only of making visible the good global and especially Latin American practices, but also of identifying applications that can be carried out in the Colombian context later.

A search for information will be carried out in indexed journals and databases such as WOS and Scopus, as well as in specialized journals of public or private, national or international organizations dedicated to agribusiness that are currently linking technology in their initiatives or processes. The main task of the research team will be to analyze the results and present systematized information. To meet this objective, information will be collected through the web and presented in a document that will record the analysis carried out.

Cacao is a crop of vital economic and social impor-
tance in Honduras, and its production faces significant challenges
due to various diseases. This research presents a convolutional
neural network (CNN)-based system aimed at improving the
accuracy of disease detection in cacao fruit. A dataset of over
1,500 images of cacao fruits, both healthy and diseased, including
conditions such as Moniliasis and Phytophthora, was collected,
preprocessed, and labeled to train a CNN model using Roboflow.
The results achieved include a mean Average Precision (mAP) of
90.50%, an accuracy of 88.30%, and a recall of 85.40%. These
outcomes demonstrate that CNNs are essential for providing
more accurate monitoring and better control over the health
of cacao crops. The methodology incorporated advanced image
preprocessing techniques and the implementation of a deep
learning architecture for disease classification and detection.

The Andean fava beans are of particular interest due to their nutritional properties, which, with the addition of thermoplastic extrusion, make them a sustainable techno-functional alternative. Since these effects are still underexplored, this article aims to analyze the effects of extrusion on the techno-functional characteristics of dehulled broad bean flour. To achieve this, physicochemical, color, and rheological analyses were conducted, comparing their means using Student's t-test. The results indicate that thermoplastic extrusion significantly reduces protein content (from 38.11±1.11 to 33.74±1.95) and dietary fiber (from 5.74±0.19 to 4.52±0.17), while ash (from 1.03±0.05 to 1.03±0.02) and fat (from 2.14±0.04 to 2.06±0.08) remained relatively constant. The color darkened slightly (from 95.10±0.06 to 83.5±0.09), with a reddish (from 0.057±0.01 to 3.81±0.08) and yellowish (from 6.57±0.79 to 23.58±0.06) tendency. The rheological behavior of broad bean flour showed a reduction in yield stress parameters (from 52.64±3.94 Pa to 21.97±1.94 Pa), consistency index (from 507.97±39.45 Pa·sⁿ to 359.82±29.65 Pa·sⁿ), elasticity (from 30,417.91±431.12 Pa to 23,969.48±319.48 Pa), viscosity (from 21,777.93±314.15 Pa to 15,679.52±214.56 Pa), damping (from 0.72±0.03 to 0.65±0.02), and pseudoplastic behavior (p<0.05)..

Ecuador, characterized by its climatic and geographical diversity, stands out as an important producer of cacao, a crop essential to its economy. This product, cultivated in the provinces of Guayas, Los Ríos, Manabí, and Esmeraldas, represents the third largest non-oil export sector of the country. However, it faces challenges in areas such as agricultural management, productivity, and post-harvest processes.

In this context, the Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral implemented a project in the communities of Primavera and Libertad de Ñauza, located in the cantons of Naranjito and Jujan, respectively, with the goal of addressing agroclimatic and socioeconomic issues. Through surveys, interviews, and workshops, problems such as low productivity and lack of technical assistance were identified. However, the increase in international cacao prices helped improve the farmers' conditions.

The project enabled the improvement of cacao quality by promoting more sustainable and effective agricultural practices. At its conclusion, the results were shared through educational materials and workshops, which strengthened local capacities to optimize cacao production and marketing.

Agrovoltaic systems, which combine photovoltaic panels with agriculture, can increase production and modify plant metabolism due to shading stress. This study aimed to compare radish cultivation in an agrovoltaic system with 10° and 50° shading angles versus a conventional crop through physical and chemical analyses. The cultivation was automated using sensors to monitor pH, humidity, solar radiation, and NPK levels. Following AOAC standards, the proximal composition was determined. ICP-MS was used to determine total mineral content in both leaves and bulbs, and antioxidant capacity was assessed using the DPPH and FRAP methods. The results showed that shading significantly affected the treatments, with radishes showing larger bulb size and leaf area in the treatment with a 10° solar panel inclination. No significant differences were observed in the proximal composition, but protein content in the leaves ranged from 2.60 to 2.99 g/100g fresh weight. The leaves contained a higher concentration of minerals compared to the bulbs. Significant differences were also observed in total phenolic compounds and flavonoids, with higher levels in the leaves. Regarding antioxidant activity, the bulbs exhibited greater DPPH radical inhibition (82%-88%), while the antioxidant activity measured using the FRAP method was higher in the control group. These results suggest that shading influences the synthesis of secondary metabolites, regulating the concentration of phenolics and flavonoids, which affects antioxidant activity.