Conference Agenda

The economic and environmental evaluation of decentralized energy technologies is crucial for sustainable development in rural communities. In this context, an evaluation of financial indicators and a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is carried out for a small-scale biogas plant in the Chillon Valley, Peru. The research uses an experimental and analytical approach, evaluating a 770 liter biodigester, with a useful volume of 640 liters and a hydraulic retention time of 20 days. The daily feed consists of 4 kg of organic matter (70 kg of cow excreta and 30 kg of organic waste), together with 12 liters of water. The average biogas production is around 255 liters/day, generating 14 liters/day of biofertilizer. From an economic perspective, the initial investment in the system was US$2,030, resulting in a Payback Period (payback period) of 2.67 years, evidencing its rapid profitability. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), according to ISO 14040 and 14044 standards, compared the environmental impact of biogas, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and firewood in cooking food. The results showed that biogas reduces by 1.5 tons of CO$_2$ equivalent per ton of waste treated and reduces by 23% the formation of particulate matter (PM2.5), thus improving air quality and human health. The biogas plant in the Chillon Valley represents a sustainable alternative that could be expanded in rural areas, promoting energy independence both in Peru and globally, offering an efficient, economically and environmentally viable solution that contributes to an energy transition through a circular economy model.

This research analyzed the impact of human activities on land use and water quality in the Doña Ana river basin, Chota district. It was found that 100% of the inhabitants carry out agricultural activities, mainly corn and potato cultivation, while 95% are engaged in livestock activities and 89% in forestry. To evaluate water quality, three sampling stations were selected and data were analyzed in the dry season and floods, using the Environmental Quality Standards (ECA) for water, category 3, which covers parameters such as fecal coliforms, pH, BOD5, nitrates, phosphates, turbidity. In the agricultural field, activities show a statistically significant relationship with water pollution. The results indicated that the levels of nitrates (2.3 to 12.3 mg/L) and phosphates (2.3 to 5.0 mg/L) exceed the permissible limits, compromising the quality of the water in this basin. On the other hand, forestry activities. On the other hand, forestry activities did not present a significant connection with pollution, while, in livestock use, only pasture management showed a significant link (p-value = 0.002) with water quality degradation. Regarding the values of the Water Quality Index (ICARHS) ranged between 46.01 and 46.60, which qualifies it as "BAD", these findings highlight the negative impact of anthropic actions on the region's water resources.

The project presents APUY, a weather station designed for the Andean community of Molleray, in Cusco, Peru, where hailstorms cause significant annual agricultural losses. The research addresses the problem of insufficient accurate meteorological information and the lack of a prevention culture through a comprehensive early warning system. Inspired by the shape of a corn leaf, APUY integrates a three-color traffic light system (green, amber, and red) indicating the level of hail risk, along with SMS notifications that provide real-time access to information. The system uses the BME280 sensor to measure temperature, humidity, pressure, and altitude, and is powered by solar energy, ensuring its operation in remote rural areas. Moreover, its adaptable design allows for installation on poles or trees, respecting the agricultural environment. APUY not only seeks to reduce economic losses caused by natural disasters but also to promote a cultural shift within the community, strengthening their connection to the land and fostering preventive agricultural practices. The data collected by the station is compared with that of SENAMHI to enhance the accuracy of local forecasts. This project highlights how industrial design can provide sustainable, technological, and culturally relevant solutions.

The systematic literature review answered the research questions by identifying proposals and characteristics of circular economy business models based on sustainable and reusable packaging. The articles came from impact databases from 2020 to 2025, identifying keywords and inclusion and exclusion criteria. The PICOC strategy and the PRISMA flowchart were part of the methodology. It was shown that sustainable packaging can be integrated into circular economy business models to mitigate environmental pollution and care for the environment by reducing waste and contributing to modify consumer behavior and purchasing decisions. In addition, they promote green consumption practices and help companies achieve competitive advantages. It is essential to evaluate their technical, economic and environmental feasibility, as their sustainability and reusability favor the implementation of effective circular models. However, barriers such as high initial costs and lack of clarity about their benefits are a constraint for small and medium-sized enterprises, especially in countries with limited waste management and recycling infrastructure. It is key that consumers, businesses and governments work together to establish clear public policies and regulations to implement these changes.

Keywords-Sustainable packaging, circular economy, environmental contamination

The growth of the mining industry is an essential part of the development of the world economy and in Peru. However, it has negative consequences for biodiversity, modifying soil quality and loss of highly valuable plant cover if sustainable management is not carried out. Therefore, the objective was set to determine the temporal analysis of the Yanacocha mining expansion on the vegetation cover during the period 1990 - 2023 of the Cajamarca province, Peru. For this, satellite images from LANDSAT 5, LANDSAT 7 and LANDSAT 8 were used. Likewise, Google Earth Pro, shapefiles and after that, the NDVI vegetation index (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) was used for the vegetation cover analysis. and the combination of bands for analysis of mining surfaces, these were processed in ArcGIS 10.8 software. The results show us the loss of vegetation cover is 6,740.30 (Ha) in the 33 years of study. Likewise, mining expansion grows at an accelerated pace, increasing by 6737.61 (Ha) in the period of analysis. It is concluded that most of the loss of vegetation cover was due to the growth of mining.

Energy consumption represents the main source of greenhouse gas emissions, which brings serious problems to the environment and human health. Biofuels are one of the significant renewable energy sources to reduce the environmental impact produced by these emissions, highlighting bioethanol extracted from biomass like macroalgae (due to their high amount of hydrolysable carbohydrates and low lignin content). The present article focuses on the evaluation of ethanol concentration and yield obtained from different types of macroalgae. For this purpose, a bibliographic review and a classification of the information according to the algae taxonomy (brown, green, and red) was conducted, followed by a comparison of the chemical composition, the yields, and the amount of ethanol produced from the algae. According to the results of the research, red algae presented a higher ethanol yield and concentration than those of algae from other species, positioning this taxonomy as the ideal one for the extraction of this fuel. However, this conclusion is not definitive, since red algae do not always obtain higher concentrations and yields than algae of other species. It is necessary to analyze other variables and conditions that establish the best scenario for ethanol production from macroalgae, such as pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation.