Conference Agenda

Glacier retreat can have adverse consequences on water availability, energy generation, agriculture and the economy, so it is important to constantly monitor these resources. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of temperature and precipitation on glacial retreat of the Cordillera Blanca snow-capped mountains during the period 1990-2022. A descriptive-explanatory study with a non-experimental longitudinal design was used; the technique applied was remote sensing, applying the Normalized Differential Snow Index (NDSI), using Landsat 5 and 8 images from USGS Earth Explorer, and climatic data from NASA POWER. The results showed that during the period studied there is a constant glacial retreat at a rate of 5.30 km2/year, causing a loss of 28.58% of glacial mass in the period 1990-2022. Temperature had a statistically significant influence on this phenomenon, with the maximum temperature standing out with an increase of 0.035 °C/year. No significant statistical influence was found for the precipitation variable, although the great variability of this factor stands out, possibly due to the effects of the El Niño and La Niña phenomena.

The present work was based on the determination of the amount of electrical energy from the concentration of anthocyanin and the pH of the solution of the natural dye of the species Tropaeolum majus L. in a Gratzel solar cell, which consisted of a photoelectrode synthesized with FTO-SnO2, sensitized with said dye, which is based on anthocyanin, a nanostructured metal oxide semiconductor TiO2, and a counter electrode in contact with the redox pair. I-/I3-, which through an electrochemical principle it was determined that the pH with a range of 4.5 to 5.5 and the anthocyanin concentration with a range of 185 mg pgd-3-glu to 190 mg pgd-3-glucoside, influence the generation of energy obtaining Voc (0.49V), Jsc (0.103 mA/cm2) and Pmax (29.31 nW/cm2) in the Gratzel solar cell of 1 cm2 area.

Water-in-crude oil (W/O) emulsions are a dispersed system that, in some industries such as the oil industry, generate operational problems, which is why different treatments have been developed to destabilize them; however, there are few studies about the influence that the type of surfactant has on the application of these techniques. That is why the objective of the present research is to formulate stable W/O emulsions with different types of surfactant so that they can later be used in destabilization processes: mechanical, chemical, electrical in order to evaluate their effect on the applied treatment, this aligned with SDG No. 9. To this end, W/O emulsions were formulated with different types of surfactant (anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric), their stability was evaluated by centrifugation and the formulated emulsions were characterized under different parameters such as apparent viscosity, apparent density, emulsification temperature and conductivity. Among the most relevant results, it is found that it is possible to formulate stable W/O emulsions with different types of surfactants (Span 80, soy lecithin), with a water proportion of 15% and the use of surfactant (sec-Butanol), characterized by a droplet size less than 10 microns, density of 0,86 g/mL and relative viscosity of 2.5 (-).

The transition to a circular economy and sustainable energy systems requires transforming engineering education, especially in countries with barriers in infrastructure, financing and industry linkages. The study analyzes trends, best practices, and issues in engineering education through a systematic literature review in academic databases. Articles published between 2018 and 2024 were selected that addressed the adoption of active methodologies, the integration of digital technologies, and the university-industry relationship. The results indicate that 80% of the programs have implemented project-based learning, while only 45% have incorporated dual training due to difficulties in cooperation with the productive sector. The adoption of digital tools has grown by 55%, allowing the teaching of sustainability through simulations and virtual laboratories. In terms of employability, graduates of programs focused on sustainability have a rate of 85%, higher than the 72% of traditional engineering graduates. Despite these advances, challenges persist in technological infrastructure and articulation with industry. To strengthen engineering education and align it with the Sustainable Development Goals, it is essential to promote teacher training, consolidate public policies and foster inter-institutional cooperation.

In microgrids with high photovoltaic (PV) generation penetration, voltage regulation has emerged as a critical challenge owing to inherent variability in power production. This study evaluates the effectiveness of battery energy storage systems (BESS) in mitigating voltage fluctuations by applying droop-control techniques. Among the various microgrid control strategies, droop control is the most significant. In addition to this conventional approach, in this work, the state-of-charge (SoC)-based control for the BESS was implemented, enabling more dynamic voltage regulation in response to system variations. Simulations were conducted to assess control performance under two scenarios: (1) a microgrid with BESS regulated solely through conventional droop control, where a voltage drop to 0.87 p.u. was observed, stabilizing at 1.025 p.u. within 41 ms; and (2) a microgrid with BESS regulated using a combination of droop control and SoC-based control, resulting in a voltage drop to 0.892 p.u., with stabilization at 1.01 p.u. achieved in just 20 ms. The results demonstrate that the proposed methodology maintains a voltage within permissible limits while achieving faster response times than the conventional approach.