Conference Agenda

Climate change has intensified torrential flows and floods in Peru, increasing the vulnerability of affected regions and causing serious damage to infrastructure and communities near rivers. This work evaluates a teardrop-shaped hydraulic dissipator through experiments in a laminar flow table and simulations in Autodesk CFD, analyzing its performance under laminar and turbulent flow conditions. The results show that the dissipator effectively reduces flow energy, with velocities ranging from 14.60 cm/s in laminar flow and 19.38 cm/s in turbulent flow at its most critical points down to 0.01 cm/s. This analysis demonstrates how the geometry and orientation of the dissipator directly influence its effectiveness, highlighting the potential of dissipators to protect infrastructure against erosive forces in river channels.

This study explores methods to reduce water flow energy using dissipative barriers, conducted through experimental development on a flow table and simulations in Autodesk CFD. The objective is to understand how these barriers can aid in controlling water velocity and pressure, particularly in flood situations, to prevent overflow. To achieve this, we designed a 2D barrier model using Autodesk Inventor and conducted flow analysis in Autodesk CFD, where water response was tested at different velocities and pressures. The experimental tests in the hydraulics laboratory, along with the simulations, allowed us to observe water-barrier interactions in detail. The results of this study provide a foundation for designing safer and more efficient hydraulic structures, assisting engineers in optimizing water flow control and protecting the environment.

The El Niño phenomenon impacted Peru in 2017, affecting various sectors of the nation. El Niño triggered intense rainfall, causing the flooding of numerous rivers that ended in mudslides. The mudslides consisted of large amounts of water with mud and debris that moved at high speeds. In order to find a way to dissolve the loads and minimize the damage, the use of energy dissipators was proposed. In this study, a group of three-dimensional molds was examined with the aim of evaluating their effectiveness as energy dissipators. The energy dissipating molds were evaluated against simulated laminar and turbulent flows in the laminar flow bench. The 2D models were then examined using Autodesk CFD software to find analogies between one case and another.

The increase in global temperature is altering climate patterns, generating changes in watersheds that intensify phenomena such as floods. A notable case is the Mala River basin in Peru, which during the rainy season (December to April) faces extreme rainfall, especially due to the coastal Niño phenomenon. This has devastating consequences, such as crop damage and human loss. To evaluate the impact of these floods, an investigation was carried out with the objective of identifying flood-prone areas in the Mala River channel, downstream of the La Capilla hydrometric station, using two-dimensional models such as IBER and HEC-RAS. A Java-Script code was developed to obtain daily precipitation and temperature data from the ERA5 Land climate product. These data were integrated into the GR4J precipitation-runoff model, generating historical series of daily average flows from 1950 to 2024. Flood simulations were performed using the aforementioned models and compared with multispectral images. The results showed that the maximum instantaneous flow reached 235 m³/s for a return period of 10000 years. Furthermore, IBER showed larger flood areas than HEC-RAS in all evaluated return times, mainly affecting agricultural areas, which has a negative impact on the local economy and the quality of life of the population of the Mala district, especially in the lower part of the river.

Abstract – This study provides valuable insights into the behavior and performance of a subsurface flow wetland, offering a solid foundation for optimizing the design and operation of similar systems for environmentally sustainable wastewater treatment. The system's efficiency in removing various contaminants was evaluated, considering different hydraulic retention times (HRT) ranging from 3 to 15 days. A total of 24 water samples were collected for analysis. The evaluated parameters included total and fecal coliforms, hydrogen potential (pH), turbidity, color, dissolved oxygen, suspended solids, temperature, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅). Additionally, nutrients such as total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, and orthophosphates were analyzed. The results provide an understanding of the HRT's impact on effluent quality improvement and help identify the optimal retention time to maximize treatment efficiency in this type of system.

Keywords – subsurface flow wetland, wastewater treatment, hydraulic retention time (HRT), contaminant removal, effluent quality.

Water, which covers most of the Earth, is a fundamental resource for sustaining life. Although most organisms live in terrestrial environments, the interaction between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems remains crucial. Riparian zones, in particular, provide essential habitats for unique species and facilitate key ecological processes. Water quality is a determining factor for the health of these ecosystems, and its deterioration can seriously affect biodiversity and compromise long-term sustainability.

The analysis of water quality in the San José River, in Tegucigalpa, is vital due to its influence on local communities and nearby watersheds. Using statistical tools and Design of Experiments, it has been shown that several parameters exceed the maximum values allowed frequently. This poses serious risks to both human health and the environmental balance. Therefore, it is urgent to implement corrective measures that mitigate these negative impacts and restore water quality. By taking action, you can ensure the protection of aquatic ecosystems and ensure the sustainability of water resources for future generations.