Many developing countries have expanded their pension systems in the last two decades. However, the low coverage of informal workers remains a serious issue. I analyze the impact of a Mongolian large-scale policy that redeemed missing contributions, leading to a relaxation of the contribution requirements. I estimate the price elasticity of public pension demand with respect to money's worth by a regression kink design approach with administrative data. I find small benefits for young individuals effectively promote participation, and large benefits crowd out additional contributions for certain existing participants. I also find gender-heterogeneous impacts possibly driven by different retirement ages.

We evaluate the impact of a policy reform in Sweden in 2020 that raised the early pension claiming age from 61 to 62. Employing administrative data from Sweden and a difference-indifferences approach, we analyze public pension claiming and labor market outcomes among age groups differentially impacted by the reform. We find that the reform led to an extension of working life until age 62, short-term reductions in disposable income for low-income earners, and slight increases in the uptake of sickness and unemployment benefits.

Brazil expanded its rural old-age pension to cover millions of previously uncovered women, conditional on work requirements, through a 1991 reform. We use an extended difference-in-differences approach to show that this expansion increased women’s employment by nine percentage points, or 26 percent. This increase in labor force participation occurred among women who were immediately age-eligible, and among younger cohorts that would be eligible in the future. These results illuminate the capacity of workers to respond to financial incentives for labor participation in old age, and the extent to which younger workers might be forward-looking as they respond to retirement incentives.

We study the influence of family members, neighbors and coworkers on individual retirement decisions. To estimate causal retirement spillovers between individuals, we exploit a pension reform in the Netherlands that creates exogenous variation in peers' retirement behavior, and we use administrative data on the full Dutch population. We begin by documenting large retirement spillovers between spouses, primarily due to women reacting to their husband's retirement choices. Consistent with homophily in social interactions, we find a modest influence of the average sibling, neighbor and coworker, but there are substantial spillover effects between similar individuals in these groups. Additional evidence suggests that retirement spillovers are driven both by leisure complementarities and social norms. Our findings imply that pension reforms can have a large social multiplier, amplifying their overall impact on retirement behavior.