Comparative literature has traditionally critiqued power structures within nation-states and cultural hegemonies, such as the Global North-South divide. However, the rise of multinational corporations (MNCs) as dominant global actors have shifted power away from state-centric frameworks, necessitating new approaches in literary analysis. This study investigates how MNCs influence technology, environmental policies, and sociocultural identities, arguing that they have become central to contemporary critiques of power in literature.

Through close textual analysis of William Gibson’s ‘Neuromancer’, Don DeLillo’s ‘White Noise’ and Kazi Anis Ahmed’s ‘The World in My Hands’ this research explores how corporate power disrupts traditional notions of national autonomy, ecological balance, and cultural narratives. These texts reveal the pervasive role of corporations in shaping planetary health, commodifying cultural identities, and redefining global systems in the Anthropocene. Central themes—such as environmental degradation, cultural commodification, and the erosion of state power—illustrate the ways literature critiques corporate hegemony.

By integrating interdisciplinary perspectives, including planetary health and cultural studies, this research demonstrates how comparative literature can reposition MNCs as pivotal actors in global power dynamics. Ultimately, this study broadens the field by addressing the ecological, sociopolitical, and cultural transformations driven by corporate dominance in contemporary literature.

The flourishing of Buddhism originated from the Western Regions. It wasn't until the Eastern Han Dynasty that it spread to China. The dissemination and practice of Buddhism can be regarded as an excellent paradigm for general interpretation and practice. Starting from the textual analysis of the Sutra of Forty-two Chapters, the Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment, and the Diamond Sutra, this article explores the interpretive logic and techniques of the Buddha in clarifying Buddhist doctrines and promoting Buddhism, and seeks aspects that can be learned from the successful practice of Buddhist interpretation, thereby enriching the discourse resources of contemporary hermeneutics and promoting public interpretive practice.

The French scholar Pierre Bourdieu put forward the field theory. For Buddhism, the interpretive field is equally important. In Buddhist discourse, the speech itself, the recorder, time, the interpreter, space, and the object of interpretation are manifested as the "Five Evidences of Faith" or the "Six Conditions of Completion." The Five Evidences of Faith of Buddhist scriptures are five elements that prove the authenticity of Buddhist scriptures: "Thus" (the accomplishment of faith), meaning that the content of the Buddhist scriptures is true and trustworthy; "I heard" (the accomplishment of hearing), indicating that disciples such as Ananda heard the Buddha's words with their own ears; "At one time" (the accomplishment of time), which is the time when the Dharma was expounded; "The Buddha" (the accomplishment of the master), highlighting that the subject of the Dharma expounding is the Buddha; "In a certain place" (the accomplishment of place), clarifying the location where the Dharma was expounded. The Five Evidences of Faith can inspire confidence in the listeners or readers of Buddhist scriptures, pointing out the importance of the interpretive field and interpretive form for the interpretive content. Similarly, the "Six Conditions of Completion" mentioned in the general preface explanation of the Sutra of Forty-two Chapters is the same. Compared with the "Five Evidences of Faith," it adds "the assembly" (i.e., the audience present at the Dharma assembly).

The Buddhist scripture texts record the stories of the Buddha's oral teachings and public interpretations to the public. If we borrow the oral formula theory of Parry-Lord and Richard Bauman's performance theory in the field of folklore to shift from the study of the meaning of Buddhist scriptures themselves to the study of oral formulas and interpretive contexts in interpretive practice, it may be a new train of thought.