We present ¹⁰Be-derived denudation rates from modern (n = 54) and buried sediment dated to 2.0–2.7 Ma (n = 3), and exhumation rates derived from published apatite fission track (AFT; n = 296) and apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He (AHe; n = 125) thermochronology from the Kyrgyz Tian Shan. Modern ¹⁰Be denudation rates are generally higher than the long-term AFT and AHe exhumation rates. On average, the highest ¹⁰Be denudation rates are recorded in the Terskey range, south of Lake Issyk-Kul. Here, ¹⁰Be-derived denudation rates from 2.0–2.7 Ma are comparable in magnitude with the AFT- and AHe-derived long-term exhumation rates, but modern ¹⁰Be-derived denudation rates are higher. We propose that denudation in the Kyrgyz Tian Shan, particularly in the Terskey range, remained relatively steady during the Neogene and early Pleistocene and increased after the onset and intensification of the Northern Hemisphere glaciations at 2.7 Ma due to glacial-interglacial cycles. Comparison with published data from the Pamir–Tian Shan region shows a spatial trend of decreasing modern denudation rates from west to east and an increase in the difference in magnitude between long-term exhumation rates and modern ¹⁰Be-derived denudation rates, suggesting that deformation controls denudation in the Pamir and Western Tian Shan, while farther east, the denudational response of the landscape to Quaternary glaciations becomes detectable by ¹⁰Be. We also find moderate correlations between modern denudation rates and topographic metrics and weak correlation between denudation rate and annual rainfall, highlighting complex linkages among tectonics, climate, and surface processes that vary locally.