Conference Agenda

What are the consequences of green industrialization on labour market and industry dynamics? This paper tackles and quantifies this question by employing observable and reliable data on green manufacturing production for an extensive set of EU countries and 4-digit manufacturing industries for more than a decade. First, at a descriptive level, this paper documents that green production is mostly concentrated in a few countries and industries. Moreover, potentially green industries outperform the others regarding employment, average wages, value added and productivity. Second, when controlling for other drivers of the labour market and industry dynamics in the econometric analysis, it finds that employment and value added grow faster in potentially green sectors, particularly at the intensive margin, while average wages and labour productivity remain unchanged. Then, to purge the analysis from possible endogeneity, this paper employs three different shift-share instruments. These econometric exercises corroborate the previous findings. An increase in \euro{1} million of sold green production is associated with an increase of 0.03\% in employment and value added, respectively. The analysis is extended with different heterogeneity exercises and robustness checks.

This article analyses how an emission policy for vessels (named California’s Ocean-Going Vessel Fuel Rule) implemented in 2009 in California impacts trade and marine biodiversity. By studying the decrease in emission levels anticipated by the policy, we measure not only the consequences for ports activities but also for one of the most important marine ecosystems of the California Coast: the Kelp forests. Using Difference in Difference (DiD) approach at the Californian ports level, we find that this policy has led to a significant decrease of trade volume during this period. Therefore, we find a positive and significant effect of shipping policy on kelp canopy and biomass growth by controlling the specific climatic and environmental characteristics of California coastal areas.

This paper investigates how various factors affect pollution levels in Europe's manufacturing industry. The paper explores how productivity, expenditure share, trade cost, and environmental regulations affect pollution levels in Europe's manufacturing industry. The WIOD database provides data on global and local pollution for each industrial sector solely for the period ranging from 1995 to 2009. We use a general equilibrium model and quantitative trade model that considers pollution as a byproduct of production. The study aims to examine the effectiveness of regulations and control for the primary causes of environmental pollution (the main causes). Our empirical results reveal that air pollution emissions from EU manufacturing decreased by 33.21 percent despite an 85.44 percent increase in real manufacturing output. This outcome could provide evidence for the role of reducing the pollution contamination of manufacturing. The study finds that most of the decrease in emissions can be ascribed to changes in environmental regulations, rather than changes in expenditure share, trade cost, and productivity. Increasing environmental regulations by 20 percent can eliminate emissions intensity. After increasing environmental regulations by 20%, the emission of global pollutants such as methane decreased by 17.27% in 2009.

This study examines the effects of domestic environmental regulations on import activity. Using a panel of firm-product-level data and variations in regulatory stringency across products established by China's Eleventh Five-Year Plan for Environmental Protection (covering 2006-2010), it reveals that tougher air quality regulation on emission-intensive industries at home led to increases in downstream manufacturers' imports of intermediate inputs. Specifically, a 1% increase in emission intensity resulted in a 0.026% rise in the imports following the implementation of the regulation. A back-of-the-envelope calculation suggests that, although the regulation increased emissions in source countries, it reduced global emissions of sulfur oxides and carbon dioxide. This is because the increases in imports caused by the regulation mainly came from countries with lower emission intensity than China. The regulation did not disproportionately increase imports from or emissions in developing countries.