The European Green Deal’s pursuit of net-zero emissions by 2050 is reshaping EU labour markets through substantial investments and technological innovations. This "green transition" creates new jobs, modifies existing ones and increases demand for positions compatible with these new priorities. Our research examines how these changes affect older workers (50-70), testing competing hypotheses: (1) green transition may accelerate labour market exits due to skill obsolescence; or (2) growing green job demand may extend careers through retraining opportunities. We combine longitudinal data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) with the O*NET green jobs classification system. Using SHARE waves fielded from 2011 onward, we track approximately 31,000 employment transitions across biannual surveys. Preliminary findings show approximately 20% exit employment between waves, with gender differences in post-employment pathways. This research provides insights into the intersection of ageing workforces and environmental policies, informing approaches to support sustainable employment during the green transition.

This paper examines the consequences of first childbirth on the income trajectories of both partners within married couples in Italy, adopting a dyadic approach that captures intra-household dynamics. Drawing on longitudinal administrative tax data covering the entire population of taxpayers in Tuscany from 2003 to 2021, we construct a panel of over 90,000 different-sex married couples, observed from two years before to eight years after the birth of their first child. Using an event study design, we estimate individual- and household-level income effects. Our contribution is twofold. First, we provide new evidence on the magnitude of the child penalty in a context characterized by persistent gender inequality, low female labor force participation, and limited work-family reconciliation policies. Second, by focusing on couples rather than individuals, we uncover how pre-birth income asymmetries shape post-birth economic adjustments, revealing whether households respond to childbirth through specialization or income compensation. Preliminary findings indicate that, within two years of childbirth, mothers’ income substantially declines while fathers’ income remains generally unchanged, leading to a widening gender income gap within couples. Income compensation by the father is more likely to occur in couples with greater pre-birth income inequality, where men were already the main earners. In such cases, women are less likely to recover their pre-birth income levels, suggesting that compensation may help stabilize household income but reinforces or even deepens intra-household economic inequality. These results underscore the need for stronger work–family policies in Italy, including affordable childcare and incentives for fathers’ leave, to support maternal employment and promote greater gender equity.

With an aging population, increasing the retirement age has become a common strategy for many countries. This article investigates how extending working lives impacts the rate of workplace accidents. We leverage a 2011 Italian pension reform that abruptly tightened public pension eligibility, forcing sudden, large, and heterogenous retirement delays. Using administrative data on Italian private-sector employees, our study exploits differences across firms to pinpoint the effect of these retirement delays on both the workers postponing retirement and their coworkers. Our findings sistematically show no significant impact of the reform on accident rates, neither on retained older workers nor on their coworkers due to spillover effects. This null finding proved robust across all model specifications, postponement definitions and for any heterogeneity considered including firm size, high-risk sectors and gender.

Population ageing is transforming labour markets and pension systems across high-income countries, prompting policies that encourage later retirement. While extending working lives are often linked to better health outcomes, this association is influenced by socioeconomic factors and may differ for immigrants, who tend to work longer due to lower accumulated pension rights. Understanding these differences is increasingly important in diverse and ageing societies.

Sweden's flexible retirement system allows individuals aged 65+ to choose between full retirement, partial retirement, or continued work without drawing a pension. This study leverages total-population register data to examine how retirement timing relates to mortality among native- and foreign-born individuals aged 65–70.

Using Cox proportional hazard models, we compare mortality risks across for groups: 1) individuals who do not receive any pension, 2) individuals who fully retire and receive a full pension, and 3) those who reduce working hours and receive a partial pension (with >50% work reduction), 4) partial retirement with <50% work reduction, adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic variables, and stratified by sex.

Preliminary findings show that extended working lives may not offer the same health benefits for all and may reflect different underlying drivers, such as economic necessity rather than choice.

These findings highlight the importance of accounting for both retirement patterns and migration background when evaluating health outcomes in later life, particularly in the context of ageing and increasingly diverse societies.