Conference Agenda

The cooperation have taken full advantages of the simultaneous observations of China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) and ESA’s Swarm mission to calibrate and validate the geomagnetic field and plasma parameters, to improve electromagnetism satellite data processing methods. Besides data validation, both sides have shared and exchanged data and other related recourses in order to achieve high-level scientific applications. Through international cooperative research, significant scientific and technological achievements have been obtained, specifically as follows:

For the magnetic field data, High precision magnetometer (HPM) has worked successfully more than 5 years to provide continuous magnetic field measurements since the launch of CSES. After rechecking these years’ data, the improvement for fluxgate magnetometer (FGM) orthogonal calibration (to estimate offsets, scale values and non-othogonalities) and alignment (to estimate three Euler angles) have been taken. The validation of the magnetic field will be done through the direct comparison between the residual fields of CSES and Swarm during similar geomagnetic conditions. These algorithms have improved HPM routine data processing efficiency and data quality to support more scientific studies. Using magnetic field data from the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) mission, we derive a global geomagnetic field model, which we call the CSES Global Geomagnetic Field Model (CGGM). This model is the first ever produced by a Chinese-led team, and finally selected as the calculation of IGRF-13.

Concerning the plasma data, the validation has been realized via the direct comparison of the different plasma parameters (i.e. density, temperature, floating potential, and so on). After a series of cross-validation studies, it can be confirmed that although the absolute value of Ne may differ, the global distributions and the relative variations of Ne/Te from CSES and Swarm are quite consistent during conjunction periods of the two satellites. However, some disturbance are observed both in CSES and Swarm plasma data, such as the abnormal features of Swarm Te, and the disturbance of CSES Ne/Te caused by satellite-current system equilibrium. Some calibration and validation algorithms are provided and used so that the calibrated and updated data have been released.

From a pure scientific point of view, the use of both CSES and Swarm data have been used to study the possible Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere (LAIC) effects at the satellite orbits on the occasion of significant earthquakes, the FACs dynamics, the ULF wave property and generation mechanisms, the solar activity and seasonal dependences of plasma density and temperature, and the magnetic perturbations in ionosphere.

Additionally, the cooperation has built a long-term stable international team able to drive and train young scientists for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites data processing and analysis in the frame of geophysical observations, such as ionospheric electromagnetic field and gravity field. Such activity is expected to extend to the Chinese future missions, e.g., CSES-2, Zhangheng 02 gravity satellites.

An IFS125HR has been deployed in Xianghe Integrated Observatory. Long-term operations were carried out for accumulating high quality data, which is significant for validating the satellite greenhouse gases products and for finding the signal of climate change. Methane (CH₄) is the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. Accurate monitoring and understanding of its spatiotemporal distribution are crucial for effective mitigation strategies. At present, More than 5 years of data products of greenhouse gases such as CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, H₂O, HDO measured by the FTIR has archived in the Total Carbon Column Observing Network dataset. These data were widely applied to validate the satellite products of CO₂, CH₄ of on-orbit CO₂-measuring satellites such as TROPOMI, TanSat, GOSAT 1/2, OCO 2/3, etc. The intercomparison of the satellite products using different TCCON sites shows the high quality of retrieving CO₂ and CH₄ column density data in Xianghe station.The validated greenhouse-measuring satellite data products as well as the the ground-based FTIR measured carbon column density and profiles can be employed to feed carbon transport and carbon data assimilation models for retrieving the carbon emission sources and sinks, which is the most important study in China for achieving the ambitious goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in 2060.